College of Technology, Pantnagar

Coherent sources, Fresnel’s Biprism, Young’s double slit, Newton’s rings, single slit, double slit, Diffraction, transmission diffraction grating, resolving power of telescope, microscope and grating, Polarization of light, different kinds of polarized light, Brewster’s law, Malus’s law, phenomenon of double refraction, construction and working of Nicol prism, retardation plates, optical activity, specific rotation and polarimeter. Origin of x-rays, continuous and characteristic x-ray spectra, Moseley’s law, absorption of x-rays, diffraction of x-rays, Bragg’s law, Bragg’s spectrometer, photoelectric effect, Compton effect and pair production. Wave particle duality, uncertainty principle and its applications, non-existence of an electron in a nucleus, minimum energy of harmonic oscillator, ground state energy of hydrogen atom. Schrödinger’s equation (time dependent and independent), expectation values, particle in a box (one dimension), harmonic oscillator. single step, rectangular barrier and tunnel effect, Spontaneous and stimulated emission of radiation, Einstein’s coefficients, main components of laser, population inversion, ruby and He-Ne laser.